Definition
Cells that contain an abnormal number of chromosomes, deviating from the normal diploid number.
Related Claims
- Different aneuploid cells share common fitness-related traits
- Aneuploid tumors inactivate Stat1 signaling with increased Myc activity
- Stat1 loss combined with Myc activation alleviates CIN-induced immune infiltration
- Aneuploid cancers inactivate Stat1 to circumvent immune surveillance
Related
Synthesis
Aneuploid cells, which deviate from the normal diploid chromosome number, consistently exhibit reduced cellular fitness across diverse experimental systems, establishing that chromosomal imbalance imposes a fundamental constraint on cellular physiology regardless of which specific chromosome is altered. The mechanistic basis for this fitness cost appears to involve proteotoxic stress arising from stoichiometric imbalances, as multiple aneuploid cell lines show impaired proliferation, altered metabolic properties, and heightened sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors. This universal fitness burden creates a selective pressure that aneuploid cells must overcome to proliferate, particularly in cancer contexts, where inactivation of Stat1 signaling combined with increased Myc activity has emerged as a specific adaptation that allows aneuploid tumors to evade immune surveillance and persist despite aneuploidy-induced stress. While the general consequences of chromosomal imbalance are well-established, questions remain about the sufficiency of chromosomal missegregation alone for aneuploid cell propagation and the precise mechanisms by which different aneuploid karyotypes converge on similar fitness-related phenotypes.