Inferring evolutionary process from phylogenetic tree shape

Authors: Mooers, Arne and Heard, Stephen B. Year: 1997 Journal: Quarterly Review of Biology

Abstract

Inferences about macroevolutionary processes have traditionally depended solely on the fossil record, but such inferences can be strengthened by also considering the shapes of the phylogenetic trees that link extant taxa. The realization that phylogenies reflect macroevolutionary processes has led to a growing literature of theoretical and comparative studies of tree shape. Two aspects of tree shape are particularly important: tree balance and the distribution of branch lengths. We examine and evaluate recent developments in and connections between these two aspects, and suggest directions for future research. Studies of tree shape promise useful and powerful tests of macroevolutionary hypotheses. With appropriate further research, tree shape may help us detect mass extinctions and adaptive radiations, measure continuous variation in speciation and extinction rates, and associate changes in these rates with ecological or biogeographical causes. The usefulness of tree shape extends well beyond the study of macroevolution. We discuss applications to other areas of biology, including coevolution, phylogenetic inference, population biology, and developmental biology. Copyright extcopyright 1997 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

Notes

Extracted Concepts

• Phylogenetic tree shape reflects macroevolutionary processes
• Tree balance and branch length distribution characterize tree shape
• Tree shape associates evolutionary rate changes with ecological causes
• Tree shape detects mass extinctions and adaptive radiations
• Tree shape measures variation in speciation and extinction rates